Manual Transmission calculations – 2 | Tractive forces, accelaration and gradability

here is sample calculation(  ideal case)

At hill climbing, tractive force available at an inclination of 45°,
F=Wsinθ- μWcosθ ≈2081N
Power =10hp=7460 Watt =F*V
V=3.58m/sec=12.9km/hr
So, our vehicle can climb the hill of inclination 45° with this velocity.
On a horizontal road,
Air resistance (Ra)= Ka*A*(V)²
 Ka= 0.004725 – 0.005 ,depending upon type of vehicle we have considered it to be 0.005
 Area (A) = Projected front area= 1.025 m²
 Velocity = 59.06km/hr
Hence Ra=17.88N
Rolling Resistance (Rr) = K*W
 W=total weight of vehicle= 300kg
 K is a constant and depends upon the nature of surface
 We have considered the road surface to be loose mud whose rolling resistance is 0.0435
Hence Rolling resistance (Rr) = 128.02N
Total resistance= Ra + Rr =145.9N
Traction –
F= (Te* Gear ratio* Transmission efficiency)/wheel radius
 Te=engine torque= 19Nm
 Wheel radius = 0.3175m
Hence F=756.21N (at low speed)
Acceleration:
a=(F-R)/m=2.03m/sec²
So, 0-60 km/hr in 8.21 sec.